Arizona State University (ASU) REL100 Religions of the World Practice Exam

In Hindu philosophy, "advaita" signifies the idea of non-duality, which is a central tenet of Advaita Vedanta, a school of thought founded by the philosopher Adi Shankaracharya. This concept emphasizes that there is no fundamental distinction between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). Advaita posits that, at the highest level of understanding, all distinctions—such as those between the self and the universe, or between various forms of existence—are illusory (Maya). The realization of this non-duality leads to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara).

By grasping this idea, practitioners and followers seek to transcend the apparent dualities of life, such as pleasure and pain, or self and other, recognizing their profound unity. This philosophical approach is essential for understanding many aspects of spiritual practice within Hinduism, as it lights the path for internal realization and enlightenment.

Other concepts, such as dualism—which emphasizes the separation between the divine and the created world—do not align with the essence of Advaita. Similarly, beliefs in multiple deities or the focus on ritualistic practices do not capture the fundamental idea of