In the Twelfth Teaching, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of devotion by Krishna?

In the context of the Twelfth Teaching from the Bhagavad Gita, devotion is a central theme, and various forms of devotion are discussed. The forms of devotion mentioned by Krishna include worship, selfless service, and faith, all of which serve to illustrate different ways individuals can express their devotion to the divine.

Worship often includes various rituals and prayers that help devotees connect with the divine presence. Selfless service (seva) emphasizes acting in ways that benefit others without any expectation of return, which aligns with the idea of selflessness in devotion. Faith is also essential as it underpins the belief and trust a devotee places in God.

While sacrifice might be a component of broader Hindu practices, in the specific context of the Twelfth Teaching, Krishna does not explicitly frame sacrifice as a distinct form of devotion compared to the others mentioned. Thus, it is excluded from this particular list of forms of devotion outlined by Krishna. This highlights Krishna's focus on internal qualities and attitudes of devotion rather than acts that could be seen as external or transactional.