What is the spiritual discipline of postures and bodily exercises called?

The spiritual discipline that focuses on postures and bodily exercises is widely recognized as Hatha yoga. This form of yoga is primarily concerned with physical techniques and is foundational to many contemporary yoga practices. Hatha yoga emphasizes the practice of physical postures (asanas) and breathing exercises (pranayama), which aim to prepare the body for meditation and promote physical health.

Hatha yoga is often characterized by its emphasis on alignment and the physicality of the yoga practice, making it accessible to practitioners of all levels. It serves as a balance between the body and mind, offering a way to cultivate awareness and presence through physical movement.

In contrast, Ashtanga yoga is a specific style of Hatha yoga that follows a set sequence of postures and is typically more vigorous. Kundalini yoga focuses on awakening spiritual energy through dynamic movement, meditation, and the chanting of mantras, while Raja yoga is traditionally viewed as the "royal" path of meditation and mental discipline, incorporating physical postures but emphasizing meditation and the mind's control. Hence, Hatha yoga is distinct in its primary focus on postures and bodily exercises.