Which group formed the foundations of the social structure in ancient India?

The Aryans played a pivotal role in shaping the social structure of ancient India, primarily through their introduction of the caste system and the Vedic traditions. Arriving in the Indian subcontinent around 1500 BCE, the Aryans established a hierarchical society that divided people into distinct groups based on their occupation and social status. This system ultimately evolved into the four main castes: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and agriculturists), and Shudras (laborers and service providers).

The influences of the Aryans extended beyond just social stratification; they brought with them diverse cultural, religious, and linguistic elements that significantly impacted India's spiritual landscape. The sacred texts known as the Vedas, composed during this period, laid the groundwork for Hindu philosophy, rituals, and societal norms, which continue to influence Indian culture today. Therefore, understanding the impact of the Aryans is essential to comprehending the development of ancient Indian civilization and its enduring legacy.